EnglishClub dot com has a great list of weather-related vocabulary, with definitions and example sentences (plus a quick 10-step weather vocab quiz if you are interested).
https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/weather-vocabulary.htm
FluentU dot com’s blog post offers a selection of words, phrases and typical questions plus explanations and examples. Roll down to the second half ot fhe post, that’s where you find the most useful part:
https://www.fluentu.com/blog/english/talk-about-weather-in-english/
And last but not least, a website with quite a misleading name: “WeatherWizKids”, where one would expect a few pictures and 10 weather word cards for kids. However, their post on weather offers the most detailed, longest vocabulary list:
OVER 200 ENTRIES with definitions! Check it out:
https://www.weatherwizkids.com/weather-words.htm
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